High metabolic rate results in increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are typically genotoxic and associated with inflammation 5. Accordingly, a pro-angiogenic agent with rapid wound-healing and anti-inflammatory properties would be useful 1.Īgents that induce dormancy in micro-organisms typically reduce the metabolic rate of the micro-organism as a pro-survival mechanism 4. Normal wound healing should be followed by resolution of inflammation 3. Although inflammation is an important step in the course of wound healing, it should be a transient step 1, 2. Inflammation-induced angiogenesis is a mechanism to counter infection and is required for increasing phagocytic activity 2. Although the angiogenesis is an essential step in the healing process, the role of inflammation-induced angiogenesis is limited to uneventful wound healing. This type of angiogenesis is considered inflammation-induced angiogenesis 1. ![]() Many foreign materials such as bacterial toxins or alloplasts can increase the expression of pro-angiogenic genes at the wound site 1. Development of pro-angiogenic drugs is necessary to promote wound healing in patients with ischemic disease. Rats treated with a 4HR-incorporated silk mat showed higher levels of VEGF and angiogenin than those treated with a silk mat alone.Īngiogenesis is a vital step in wound healing. Silk sericin exerted like pro-oxidant effects and 4HR exerted anti-oxidant effects. In conclusion, silk sericin and 4HR increased VEGF expression in RAW264.7 cells via HIF-mediated and MMP-mediated pathways, respectively. VEGF and angiogenin expression were higher in rats treated with a 4HR-incorporated silk mat than in rats treated with a silk mat alone. M1 markers were increased by silk sericin treatment, and M2 markers were increased by 4HR treatment. Silk sericin increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), whereas 4HR decreased ROS. An inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) declined the 4HR-induced increase in VEGF expression. However, the HIF inhibitor did not affect the 4HR-induced increase in VEGF expression. ![]() ![]() Pretreatment with an HIF inhibitor decreased the sericin-induced increase in VEGF expression. Unlike 4HR, silk sericin increased the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and HIF-2α. Our results showed that silk sericin and 4-hexylresorcinol (4HR) increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in a dose-dependent manner in RAW264.7 cells. Angiogenesis plays an important role in active inflammation and wound healing.
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